Common follow up questions and how to answer them - request for tips

In a lot of the interview experiences here, people seem to have a few common follow-up questions. For example, say the input is too large to load into memory. How would you solve the problem then?
(This is from google experiences). What is the best way to answer these? How can one recognize how much of the input can be loaded to memory?

Are there other common follow-up questions? What should one do for them?

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