Here are some of the recent questions from Microsoft interview which I could find while preparing for it. All the questions are taken from leetcode discuss and consolidated at one place. These questions were asked for SDE 2. Hope it helps!

OA:

• https://leetcode.com/problems/best-time-to-buy-and-sell-stock
• https://leetcode.com/problems/interleaving-string/description/
• Median of Two Sorted Arrays

DSA:


• Merge two B-Trees (Trees with value as list of integer)
• https://leetcode.com/problems/word-ladder-ii/description/
• Contains Duplicate III
• Validate Stack Sequences
• Maximum Frequency Stack
• Linked List - Detect Cycle, Determine Length of the Cycle, Break the Cycle in the LinkedList.
• https://leetcode.com/problems/3sum/description/
• https://leetcode.com/problems/bus-routes/description/
• 49. Group Anagrams
• Longest Substring Without Repeating Characters
• 93. Restore IP Addresses
• https://leetcode.com/problems/alternating-groups-ii/description/
• https://leetcode.com/problems/binary-tree-zigzag-level-order-traversal/description/
• Regex match

LLD:

• In memory key value with expiration time (LLD)
• rate limiter in real world and write the working code.
• implement Message Queueing System. The focus was on multithreading and Design patterns
• design scheduler based system design
• Focused mainly on OS concepts of Thread synchronisation mutex and semaphores then we discussed producer consumer problem with several scenarios
• Design a Filesystem
• Code for LRU Cache.
• Design Snake Game, Discussed potential Design Patterns & data structures that can be used
• Distributed Cache
• Distributed K-V store

HLD:

• designing Twitter. Major discussion went related to Twitter Feed. What would happen when a celebrity posts some tweet.
• Design URL shortener. High level and low level design for generating tiny url. How redirection is happening from tiny url to actual url? What are the hashing techniques you have used ? (like Base64, Base62, SHA1 etc) How many types of load-balancers you have used.
• Design scheduler based system design. (HLD)
• Design a garbage collector
• Design a Filesystem
• Design a Star rating system like in amazon.
• Design a chat application like WhatsApp. There was some question related to Data durability and Message ordering inside a Chat

Miscellaneous:

1. Design a Load Balancer.
2. How to get rid of Deadlocks in a large scale system.
3. miscellaneous
   • How the information is persisted when a user logs in to a portal, How Authentication works in cloud, e2e CI/CD process and flow,
   • SOLID principles,
   • Advantages of Dependency inversion principle,
   • What's Active directory, What happens when a user logs in to a site,
   • Microservice vs Monolith architecture, which is better for debugging,
   • how to handle multiple correlation ids while debugging requests that land on multiple microservices, code deployment on PODs and debugging.