Master Theorem: What is d? When to use each of the three cases?

https://leetcode.com/explore/learn/card/recursion-ii/470/divide-and-conquer/2871/

Questions below

Question 1:

What is "d" from below?
image

Question 2:
image

For each of the three cases above, there is one example with explantion for it.

But under what circumstances each case should be used? I still don't understand fully.

Comments (1)